How To Help Students Manage Perfectionism

Written by Abena Sey

October 11, 2020

Perfectionism in academically talented and gifted children can have detrimental effects on students’ achievement if it is used in an unhealthy way.  In her article, Jill L. Adelson (2007) revealed that regardless of the class size, or type of activity, many forms of perfectionism in children can be observed.  She discussed five examples of perfectionist personality types and their effects on learning and performance.   Below, I summarize the 5 perfectionist personality types and strategies that teachers can use to support their students.

1 - The Academic Achiever (Perfectionism)

The Academic Achiever has unrealistic expectations, and experiences high dissatisfaction and disappointment for anything less than 100%.  Adelson recommends teaching these students to learn from their mistakes, and to take pride in the process.  

2 - The Risk Evader (Negative Perfectionism)

The Risk Evader does not want his or her weaknesses exposed.  Fear of failing to achieve the high standards and ideals he or she sets may cause him or her to not attempt the task at all.  To help students with this negative perfectionism, teachers must create a classroom environment that encourages risk-taking.  

3 - Aggravated Accuracy Assessors 

Aggravated Accuracy Assessors look for ways to “fix” their work or find the necessary materials to complete the task.  Adelson suggested teachers help their students modify their standards and goals by setting them up as long-term goals they can work towards, rather than immediate goals.  

4 - The Controlling Image Managers

The Controlling Image Managers are students who want to be regarded as perfect.  Students with this type of perfectionism must be encouraged to set a standard based on their own personal performance, and not on that of others.  

5 - Procrastinating Perfectionists

Procrastinating Perfectionists have grandiose ideas, but fear of not fulfilling that vision causes them to procrastinate.  These types of students need help prioritizing and breaking down tasks to complete an assignment.  They must be taught that they cannot be perfect at everything, and that sometimes they must sacrifice a little of one thing to do well at something else.  

Adelson’s study demonstrated the direct outcomes of students’ unhealthy display of perfectionist personality types and how teachers can channel perfectionism to encourage personal and academic growth.  The key is to help students build resilience so that in the face of challenges, they can use the correct tools and strategies to overcome them skillfully.  In your classroom, consider how you can help your perfectionist students develop a more healthier view of themselves and their academic achievement.

Reference

Adelson, J. L.  (2007). A “Perfect” Case Study: Perfectionism in Academically Talented 
Fourth Graders. Gifted Child Today, v30 n4 p14-20 Fall 2007.